Phytic acid is a natural substance found in plant seeds, nuts, and grains, and serves as the plant's principal storage form of phosphorus. In human nutrition, it is often termed an "anti-nutrient" because it acts as a strong chelator.

Ash Content is a proxy measurement for the amount of bran and germ present in the flour, with high ash content indicating a flour rich in minerals like iron, zinc, magnesium, and manganese.

Autolyse is a baking technique that involves mixing flour and water and allowing them to rest, to activate enzymes to break down starch and protein, and to hydrate flour.