What Is Refined Flour?
Refined Flour (often labelled as White Bread Flour) has had the bran and germ mechanically removed, leaving only the starchy endosperm. While this creates a flour that produces high volume and airy bread (due to strong, uninterrupted gluten), it is a biological "desert."
What Is Oven Spring?
Oven Spring is the rapid expansion of the dough that occurs during the first 10–12 minutes of baking. It is caused by the sudden thermal expansion of gases (CO₂) and the evaporation of water into steam within the dough. It stops once the crust hardens (sets) or the internal temperature kills the yeast (approx. 60°C).